What Is Creosote
Nothing ever burns completely. Wood smoke is a combination of unburned
gases and fog of unburned tar like liquids. When these gases come in
contact with a cool surface, they will condense and form a nasty dark
brown or black substance which has an unpleasant acrid odor. This is
creosote. Creosote starts as a liquid which results from condensation
of the flue gases. Creosote comes in a range of forms: sooty, ash like
deposits: dry, flaky deposits; sticky, tacky deposits resembling tar;
or hard shinny deposits. Creosote collects inside the flue passage,
in offsets and in termination parts of your chimney. These deposits
reduce the flow of gases through the chimney system which may result
in a weak draft or smoke spillage into the room.
Creosote is highly flammable. When it’s allowed to build up, the
result could be a chimney fire. No matter what kind of chimney you have,
such overheating is dangerous to the chimney structure and the surrounding
building. Veteran wood burners know the importance of keeping their
chimneys clean. However, many newcomers to heating with wood may be
unaware of the potential harm and hazard of creosote buildup.
Three Factors That Influence Creosote Deposits
Smoke density: High smoke density increases the rate of creosote formation.
Smoke density can be reduced by increasing the flow of air, and by using
smaller pieces of wood or adding less wood more often. Hotter fires
will also lessen the smoke density by causing more complete combustion
of the wood and gases.
Temperature of the condensing surface: The cooler the surface, the more
creosote will condense. One can relate this to water vapor condensing
on the outside of a glass of cold water on a humid day, except its in
reverse. Condensation occurs on the inside of a chimney, especially
when the outside cold air makes the surface of the inner chimney relatively
cool. Keeping stack temperatures high will reduce this problem.
Residence time: The longer the smoke stays in your chimney, the more
likely it is to condense on the surface.